How do Verifier Nodes Work

Verifier Nodes Workflow

1. Upon completing data processing, TEE nodes submit the data verification, AI model training result and the TEE attestation to smart contracts on the execution layer.

2. The smart contracts employ a Verifiable Random Function (VRF) to randomly choose a subset of verifiers for attestation validation.

   In cryptography, a verifiable random function (VRF) is a random number generator (RNG) that generates an output that can be cryptographically verified as random. Verifiable randomness is essential to many blockchain applications because its tamper-proof unpredictability enables exciting gameplay, rare NFTs, and unbiased outcomes. As the name suggests, a verifiable random function is defined by its core features: Verifiable, Random, Function.

3. Verifiers monitor events from the smart contract to initiate the verification process.

4. Verifiers assess the authenticity of the attestation. For more details, please check SGX Attestation Verification

5. Based on the outcome, verifiers relay their findings to the smart contract:

   1. If the attestation is invalid, the smart contract penalizes the responsible TEE node by slashing its stake, which is then allocated to the verifiers as additional rewards.

6. When the attestation is confirmed as valid with over 50% of designated Verifiers, the smart contract distributes not only the consumers' fees but also on-chain rewards among the TEE nodes, verifiers, and data providers.